An analysis of conversational management in EFL textbooks used in the highter vocational level at the North Eastern Polytechnic School and Walt Disney's Cartoon Books

Chronic hyperglycemia is a major cause of oxidative stress in human. High oxidative
stress leads to macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction, which are the important cause of
diabetic cardiovascular and renal complications. The present study aims to investigate the
antioxidative effect of Bauhinia penicillioba (BP) leaf extracts on the protection of vascular and
kidney function in diabetic rats including primary toxicity study. The 95% ethanolic extract of BP
leaves were prepared using percolation techniques and consequencely partial purified by column
chromatography. The most antioxidative fractions were investigated. The protective effects of
vascular and kidney functions were evaluated in streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, iv.) -induced diabetic
rats. Vascular function was evaluated by comparing the percent of maximal aortic contraction
responded to phenylephrine between groups. The 2-week interval blood urea nitrogen (BUN),
serum creatinine (SCr), and the last week creatinine clearance (C1Cr) were used to evaluate the
kidney function. Both vascular and kidney function were compared between normal rats, diabetic
control rats, and diabetic rats orally received BP leaf extract (100 or 200 mg/kg), glyburide (10
mg/kg), or vitamin E (300 mg/kg} consecutively for 6 weeks. Acute toxicity study was
performed by administrating a single various doses of BP leaf extract intragastrically or
intraperitoneally to both sexes of mice and the LD50 were then determined. Sub-chronic toxicity
was conducted by orally giving the BP leaf extract to both sexes of mice for 8 weeks. The body
weight, organ weight, AST, ALT, ALP, Cr, and BUN serum levels were determined and compared between treated and control group.