The synthesis and characterization of ruthenium complexes for dye sensitized solar cells application

In this research, we reported the synthesis of the three series ruthenium(II) complexes, for example; homoleptic ruthenium(II) complex without tetrabutylammonuium salt, named YN-N3 (syn), heteroleptic pyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes with tetrabutylammonium salt (YN-phen, YN-06) and homoleptic and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes with tetrabutyl ammonium salt (YN-719, YN-07 and YN-08), respectively. All ruthenium(II) complexes were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectroscopy (MS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) as well as absorption spectroscopy techniques. The ruthenium(II) complexes were tested the solar light to conversion efficiency using the liquid electrolyte (0.05 M I2, 0.4 M 4 tert-butylpropyline, 0.1 M Lil, 0.6 M tetrapyridylammonium iodide). The device sensitized by YN-719 shows the highest photovoltaic efficiency of 4.57% under a standard AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW/cm2)